The process of converting a continuous signal into a series of discrete digital values is crucial in various electronic devices, including Computers, smartphones, and other digital electronics. The conversion from analog to digital signals occurs at the input stage of an ADC (Analog to Digital Converter). This stage involves several key components that work together to accurately capture the signal's characteristics. The input stage typically includes a sample-and-hold circuit which stabilizes the input voltage and allows it to be measured by the converter. The analog signal is then compared against a reference voltage, allowing the ADC to determine its digital equivalent.