An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is a device that converts an analog input signal into a digital output signal. In the context of bit representation, the ADC's primary function is to sample the continuous-time analog signal at discrete intervals and quantify it as a series of digital values. This process involves several key steps: 1. Sampling: The ADC captures the amplitude of the analog input signal at regular time intervals. 2. Quantization: The sampled analog value is then approximated by a digital value using a process known as quantization. The resulting digital output, typically represented as binary digits (bits), can be used to encode information for various applications such as data transmission, storage, and processing. ADCs are crucial components in many electronic systems, including digital communication devices, industrial control systems, and medical equipment. The accuracy and resolution of the ADC directly impact the overall performance and quality of these systems.